荷兰专利NL2017248A Water resistant composition and method for deepening or widening a water bed

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专利摘要:
Described is a water resistant composition comprising a mixture of granular particles and bentonite particles, wherein the grain size distribution of the granular particles satisfies 1 < d50 < 6 mm and 5 < d90 < 15 mm, wherein the grain size distribution of the bentonite particles satisfies 0.0005 < d50 < 1.2 mm and 0.01 < d90 < 2.0 mm, and wherein the percentage by weight of bentonite particles in the mixture amounts to 0.1 - 20% by weight. The composition may be used to provide a water resistant layer, for instance in a method for deepening or widening a water bed. In such method, a sheet piling is arranged in a bank, bank material present on the waterside of the sheet piling is excavated to a depth at which at least a part of the natural water resistant bottom layer is removed, and a layer of a water resistant composition is arranged on the excavated bottom.
公开号:NL2017248A
申请号:NL2017248
申请日:2016-07-28
公开日:2017-12-21
发明作者:Dekeuleneer François；Goiris Luc；Lodewijk Elias Brendaad Van Der Hoeven Matthias
申请人:Aannemingsmaatschappij De Vries & Van De Wiel B V；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

WATER RESISTANT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR DEEPENING OR WIDENING A WATER BED
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a water resistant composition comprising a mixture of granular particles and bentonite particles. The invention also relates to a method for deepening and/or widening a water bed wherein use is made of the water resistant composition.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
During widening and/or deepening of a channel it may occur that an existing water resistant or watertight layer is removed from the water bed. Water from the channel can then penetrate into the ground and adversely affect the groundwater level. Such an effect - generally a rising - of the groundwater level is undesirable because it can have adverse consequences for the ecology of the area, but also for agriculture and the stability of nearby embankments and water barriers. Seepage of water out of the channel into the ground moreover lowers the water level in the channel, which can make navigation through the channel more difficult or even impossible. For the above stated reasons it is important during widening and/or deepening of a channel to arrange a new water resistant layer as quickly as possible on the water bed, which new layer must in any case at least partially restore the water tightness and provide further protection against erosion and other instabilities. In addition, there is often lack of space in channels, and the operations must therefore take place efficiently in order to impede shipping traffic as little as possible. A known method of arranging a water resistant layer on a deepened and/or widened channel involves applying a material mat, for instance a geotextile or bentonite mat, underwater on a water bed. Placement of the bentonite mats cannot in all instances ensure a proper water resistant connection towards the surrounding ground/soil/structures. It has for instance been found that it is difficult to obtain the desired water tightness in transition zones between an existing water resistant layer of the channel and an excavated water bed.
Clay has also been proposed to provide water tightness. A disadvantage of clay however is its plasticity. The handling of a plastic material such as clay under water is cumbersome as it for instance strongly adheres to means for placement of the clay, such as a backhoe bucket for instance. Clay also needs to be compacted to ensure a proper connection with the surrounding ground/soil/structures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide a water resistant composition that promotes proper water tightness and yet is easily applied above and under water. Another object is to provide an improved method for deepening and/or widening a water bed.
According to the invention a water resistant composition is provided according to claim 1. The water resistant composition comprises a mixture of granular particles and bentonite particles, wherein the grain size distribution of the granular particles satisfies 1 < dso < 6 mm and 5 < d9o < 15 mm, wherein the grain size distribution of the bentonite particles satisfies 0.0005 < dso <1.2 mm and 0.01 < dgo < 2.0 mm, and wherein the percentage by weight of bentonite particles in the mixture amounts to 0.1 - 20% by weight. With the choice of particle size distribution according to claim 1 a water resistant composition is obtained which is easy to apply, has a water permeability in the
z Q range of 10' to 10' m/s and which moreover has sufficient structural strength to be able to support other layers arranged on a layer of the water resistant composition.
In a particle size distribution, 10% by weight of the particles is smaller than di0, 50% by weight of the particles is smaller than dso and 90% by weight of the particles is smaller than d90. According to the invention 50% by weight of the granular particles in the composition is smaller than a value between 1 and 6 mm, and 90% by weight of the granular particles in the composition is smaller than a value between 5 and 15 mm.
With the invented water resistant composition a water resistant layer can be obtained in an efficient manner and the composition has particular advantages in the widening and/or deepening of a channel. After excavation of the existing water resistant layer, for instance a clay layer, the composition can for instance be arranged by pouring it, without the need of having to compact the applied layer. The invented composition can therefore be applied relatively fast. Due to the granular form of the bentonite, an additional advantage of the composition is the limited turbidity in the water during placement. As will be further elucidated herein below, the water resistant composition can easily be placed against uneven structures such as sheet piles or trenches between an existing watertight bed and a newly constructed watertight bed. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a composition wherein the bentonite particles comprise a bentonite powder and a bentonite granulate. A preferred bentonite powder has a ds0 ranging from 0.0005 to 0.060 mm, more preferably from 0.001 to 0.040 mm, and most preferably from 0.005 to 0.030 mm. A preferred bentonite granulate has a d50 ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm, more preferably from 0.6 to 1.8 mm, and most preferably from 0.8 to 1.6 mm.
The weight ratio of the bentonite powder particles to the bentonite granulate particles can be chosen within a broad range. A composition wherein the weight ratio of the bentonite powder to the bentonite granulate ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 is preferred, more preferably from 0.8 to 1.2.
An embodiment of the composition further comprises a thickening additive. A suitable thickening additive comprises a polymeric additive, configured to hold the bentonite particles together. A particularly suitable polymeric additive comprises a polysaccharide additive. Polysaccharides are defined as polymers of monosaccharides having about ten and more monosaccharide residues. Suitable polysaccharides may range in structure from linear to highly branched, and may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Suitable examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Of the polysaccharides, galactomannans are particularly preferred. Galactomannans comprise a mannose backbone with galactose side groups. A galactomannan, such as guar gum, comprising a linear backbone with relatively short side-branches is particularly preferred.
In an embodiment of the composition, the thickening additive comprises a colloidal additive. Suitable colloidal additives include but are not limited to colloidal silica, sodium silicate, potassium silicate and lithium silicate. Magnesium fluorosilicate may also be used. Colloidal silica represents a colloidal mixture of silica particles in a liquid.
The silica particles in colloidal silica typically range from 5-50 nm.
In a preferred embodiment of the composition, the amount of the thickening additive is between 0.01 - 0.5 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, more preferably between 0.05 - 0.4% by weight.
The composition according to the invention comprises bentonite particles. Bentonites are naturally occurring ores that readily swell in water to form a thixotropic gel. Chemically, bentonites are aluminum phyllosilicates that mostly comprise montmorillonite. The industrially most important bentonites comprise sodium and calcium bentonites, although other types may be used as well. A particular useful composition according to an embodiment additionally comprises from 100 to 800 % by weight of water, relative to the dry weight of the bentonite particles, more preferred from 200 to 700 % by weight, and most preferably from 300 to 600 % by weight. Adding water to the composition permits some pre-swelling of the bentonite particles to occur, which allows influencing the rheology of the composition such that the composition’s processability improves in terms of handling the composition and/or its efficiency.
The percentage by weight of bentonite particles in the composition can be chosen within broad limits. A good balance between processability, water resistant properties and loadability of a layer of the composition is achieved for a composition wherein the percentage by weight of bentonite particles in the mixture amounts to 1-20% by weight, more preferably 2-15% by weight, still more preferably 4-15% by weight, still more preferably 4-10% by weight, still more preferably 5-10% by weight, still more preferably 6-10% by weight, still more preferably 6-9% by weight and most preferably 6-8% by weight.
The grain size distribution of the granular particles has also been found to influence the above stated balance between processability, water resistant properties and loadability of a layer of the composition. Particularly favourable compositions are characterized in that the grain size distribution of the granular particles satisfies 4 < dso < 5 mm and 8 < d9o < 12 mm.
In another embodiment, the grain size distribution of the granular particles satisfies d<5o/dio < 10. This was shown to improve the rheology of the composition further, in particular with respect to keeping the composition homogeneous and preventing leaching out of components.
An embodiment of the composition according to the invention, wherein the grain size distribution of the bentonite particles satisfies 0.9 < d50 < 1.1 mm and 1.5 < d90 <1.8 mm, preferably following pouring and compacting, has a good water resistant effect and a relatively high degree of homogeneity, wherein separation phenomena are prevented. Such compositions are free of bentonite powder particles.
Another favourable embodiment of the composition according to the invention has the feature that the grain size distribution of the bentonite particles satisfies 0.1 < dio < 0.6 mm. Such compositions are also free of bentonite powder particles.
According to the invention the granular soil particles can be chosen from any material. Partly because of favourable availability, in an embodiment the granular particles comprise mineral particles, preferably gravel particles.
In another useful embodiment, the granular particles comprise gravel and/or sand particles, more preferably a mixture of sand and gravel particles.
Another embodiment of the composition is characterized in that the amount of the sand particles is less than 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
In yet another embodiment, the granular particles in the composition comprise gravel and sand particles, and the weight ratio of the sand particles and the gravel particles ranges from 0.5 - 1.5, more preferably from 0.8 - 1.2, and most preferably from 0.9 -1.1.
The density of the granular particles may vary within broad limits, but a density of larger than 1 kg/dm3 is preferred.
With the invented water resistant composition a water resistant layer can be arranged on an underwater bed in efficient and precise manner.
In another aspect of the invention a method is provided for deepening or widening a water bed that comprises an existing water resistant bottom layer. In the method, at least a part of the existing water resistant bottom layer is removed, and a layer of a water resistant composition according to the invention is arranged on at least a part of the excavated bottom.
In a preferred method, a sheet piling is arranged in a bank, and bank material present on the waterside of the sheet piling is excavated to a depth at which at least a part of the existing water resistant bottom layer is removed.
The composition may be prepared by any method known in the art, such as by (batch) mixing, extruding, pultruding, shovelling, scooping, and others. Suitable batch mixing apparatus comprise but are not limited to multiple shaft mixers, for instance twin-shaft mixers and the like. The composition may be prepared off-site but may, preferably, also be prepared on-site.
The advantages of the water resistant composition become particularly manifest in a method wherein the layer of the water resistant composition is arranged at least against the sheet piling. A sheet piling can have a corrugated form with furrows and protruding parts. The composition according to the invention is also able to achieve a good water resistant effect in for instance the furrows.
The composition in accordance with the invention may be applied to a water bottom but may also be applied on a bottom above water. A typical manner of application comprises taking up a mass of the composition with a mechanical means such as a backhoe for instance, and arrange the mass (under water) onto a bottom or other substrate. Other means, such as a conveyor system, or a pump, may also be used.
The thickness of the arranged layer of the water resistant composition is not particularly critical and can be chosen within broad limits in accordance with the conditions. A preferred embodiment of the method has the feature that the layer of the water resistant composition has a thickness of 5-40 cm, more preferably of 8-30 cm, most preferably of 10-20 cm. An additional advantage of the composition is that it can be arranged with a small tolerance, preferably with a tolerance of a maximum of 5 cm, more preferably of a maximum of 4 cm, still more preferably a maximum of 3 cm and most preferably a maximum of 2 cm.
It can be advantageous for the water resistant effect of the arranged layer of the composition to compact this layer. In an embodiment of the method the layer of the water resistant composition arranged on the excavated bottom is compacted, for instance by making use of per se known compacting devices. The composition according to the invention has the additional advantage however that a layer of the water resistant composition arranged on an underwater bottom does not need to be compacted with mechanical means in order to achieve the required water resistant effect. This is because it has been found that a layer of the water resistant composition arranged on an underwater bottom is sufficiently compacted by a water flow through the layer and an optional covering layer on top of the composition layer. An embodiment of the method is therefore recommended wherein the layer of the water resistant composition arranged on the excavated bottom is not compacted by mechanical means. Levelling the layer of the water resistant composition with levelling means may be recommended in a preferred method. A good water resistant effect and loadability may be obtained in an embodiment of the method wherein the layer of the water resistant composition has an applied thickness of 2-30 cm, more preferably of 5-25 cm. As already stated above, this applied thickness can change after application, either due to compaction with mechanical means, or, preferably, without using such means. In this latter case the final thicknesses are reached after a certain period of time, wherein the time span can depend on the local conditions.
With the layer of the water resistant composition a temporary water resistant effect can be obtained wherein a rise in the ground water level can be at least partially prevented during excavation of for instance a channel bed.
In order to obtain a longer water resistant effect it is advantageous to characterize the method according to the invention in an embodiment in that a water resistant material mat, for instance a geotextile or bentonite mat, is arranged on at least a part of the layer of the water resistant composition. This can for instance take place with a device comprising a floating support body for a manipulating tool and optionally for a guide construction for the material mat, wherein the manipulating tool is configured to pick up, carry underwater and unroll a material mat on the bottom from a starting position, and wherein the optional guide construction comprises a guide frame and a gripper for a side edge of the material mat movable along the guide frame into the starting position.
The floating support body can comprise any floating device but is preferably a pontoon provided with a number of spud poles. Such a pontoon is brought into a desired position in the channel and temporarily fixed by lowering the spud poles against or into the bottom. Because the position of the pontoon can be accurately determined, for instance with a global positioning system (GPS), the starting position is also fixed. A material mat can in this way be arranged accurately on the underwater bed or layer of the water resistant composition.
In order to further improve the water resistant effect, an embodiment of the method can be provided wherein additional material, for instance gravel, is arranged on an arranged material mat by a pouring device. Such an additional layer keeps the material mat in place and prevents overswelling of the material mat. A preferably applied embodiment of the invention provides a support body, for instance a pontoon, which comprises a pouring device for arranging pouring material on a material mat unrolled onto the bottom. The pouring device may comprise a throughfeed unit for the pouring material with an inlet along which the material is received and an outlet along which the material is deposited onto the material mat, wherein the outlet of the throughfeed unit is movable relative to the support body.
Although the water resistant composition and method according to the invention are particularly suitable for arranging a water resistant layer in the context of deepening and/or widening a waterway such as a channel, it can also be applied extremely well in other circumstances. It is thus possible for instance to apply the water resistant composition and method for the purpose of providing underwater pipelines and other structures with a protective layer.
It is stated expressly that the embodiments of the invention described in this patent application can be combined in any possible combination of these embodiments, and that each embodiment can individually form the subject-matter of a divisional patent application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The invention will now be further elucidated on the basis of the description of the accompanying figures, without otherwise being limited thereto. In the figures:
Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a channel for deepening with the invented method;
Figure 2 shows a schematic graph of a granular grain size distribution used in an embodiment of the composition according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a channel part excavated according to an embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 4 finally shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a device with which the method according to the invention can be performed.
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPFARY EMBODIMENTS A granular mixture was prepared using 50 parts by weight (pbw) of sand, 25 pbw of gravel having particle sizes between 4-16 mm, and 25 pbw of gravel having particle sizes between 2 and 6 mm. The resulting particle size distribution of the mixture is shown in figure 2, in which the fraction 100 retained in a sieve is plotted against the particle size 101 in microns (pm) To the above mixture was added 6% by weight, relative to the amount of the granular mixture of a bentonite mixture comprising 50 pbw of bentonite powder and 50 pbw of granular bentonite having particle sizes between 0.5 - 2 mm. To the dry granular/bentonite mixture was then added 0.3 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the above mixture, of colloidal silica (Hydro HB-SE-993 of Heidelberg Cement Group) and 400% by weight, relative to the total dry weight of the bentonite mixture, of water. The ensuing water-resistant composition was mixed by hand to obtain a homogenous mixture.
The composition was subject to a permeability test in accordance with standard NF X30-441. The final permeability (hydraulic conductivity) of the composition after 30 hours was 3.108 m/s.
The water-resistant composition may be used in a method, an exemplary embodiment of which is described below. Shown with reference to figure 1 is a perspective view of a channel 1 for deepening. Channel 1 comprises a water mass 10 with an original water level 11a and extends in a longitudinal direction 14 and in a transverse direction 15. Channel bed 12 comprises an existing water resistant layer of water resistant material, for instance a natural clay layer 13. Channel 1 is bordered on either side by dike bodies (16a, 16b). In order to obstruct shipping traffic as little as possible the channel 1 is deepened in parts. Shown on the right-hand side of channel 1 in figure 1 is a work area 17 in which the underwater bed is deepened. The left-hand side of channel 1 then remains available for shipping traffic. Once a part of the right-hand side has been deepened, the left-hand side of channel 1 is then deepened, wherein shipping traffic can continue on the right-hand side.
As shown in figure 1, channel 1 is deepened by removing a part 13b of the natural water resistant clay layer 13. Water 10 from channel 1 can hereby penetrate into channel bed 12 and adversely affect the groundwater level. In such a case the rest position 120 of the groundwater is raised at the position of the excavation to a raised groundwater level 121. Such an effect is undesirable because it can have adverse consequences for the ecology of the area, but also for agriculture and the stability of for instance the dike bodies (16a, 16b). Seepage of water 10 out of channel 1 into the underwater bed 12 can moreover reduce the water level 1 la in channel 1 to a level lib which can make navigation through channel 1 more difficult or even impossible. It is therefore important during deepening of channel 1 to arrange a new water resistant layer on water bed 12 as quickly as possible.
Referring to figure 3, an embodiment of a method for deepening water bed 12 of channel 1 comprises a first step in which a sheet piling 20 is arranged in dike body 16b. Arranging the sheet piling 20 consisting of sheet piling profiles can be performed by providing a pontoon or pontoon assembly 50, as shown in figure 4. Pontoon 50 is fixed on or in underwater bed 12, among other reasons to increase the accuracy of arrangement of water resistant layers. The position of the pontoon 50 can be precisely determined with a global positioning system (GPS). Pontoon 50 is provided with a per se known manipulating tool for driving sheet piling profiles 20 into dike body 16b and underwater bed 12. In a following step, a rockfill layer 18 present on dike body 16b and a part of the clay layer 13 that is present are excavated to a position above the water surface 11a using an appropriate excavating tool.
At least a part of the water resistant layer 13 present on dike body 16b is subsequently removed with a dredging vessel suitable for the purpose on the waterside of sheet piling 20 and discharged until the dike body 16b has been dredged away or excavated to the desired design depth of the deepened channel 1. In this situation at least a part of the natural water resistant bottom layer 13 has been removed. In order to prevent water flowing out of channel 1, a layer or mass (21a, 21b) of a water resistant composition according to the invention is arranged in a following step on the excavated bed part 17. The layer 17b of the water resistant composition is arranged at least against sheet piling 20 in order to prevent leakage via the interface of sheet piling 20 with the excavated channel bed 17. A layer 21a of the water resistant composition can also be arranged at the location of the transition from the existing bed 13 to the excavated part 17. It is also possible to arrange the layer 21 of the water resistant composition over the whole excavated part 17 or even outside it. A suitable method for arranging the layer 21 of the water resistant composition on the excavated bottom 17 may take place by mechanical means, such as by using a backhoe. The rheology of the invented composition allows arranging a layer 21 of the water resistant composition in thicknesses of 5-40 cm, with a maximum tolerance of 5 cm.
The layer 21 of the water resistant composition thus arranged on the excavated bottom 17 is compacted by the water flow through it, and the composition requires no additional compaction with mechanical means.
As shown in figure 3, a protective material mat 22 may then be arranged on the layer 21 or masses (21a, 21b) of the water resistant composition, for instance a water resistant geotextile mat comprising bentonite. This can take place with a device 62 which will be further elucidated below.
In an optional subsequent step additional pouring material 23 is arranged on the arranged material mat 22 by a pouring device. Suitable pouring material comprises gravel. Shown in figure 3 is a gravel layer (23a, 23b), of which layer 23a comprises gravel with particle sizes of 8 - 60 mm, and upper layer 23b comprises a 10 - 60 kg rock layer.
Shown with reference to figure 4 is a device 50 with which the water resistant layer or mass 21 can be arranged on the excavated bottom 17 and with which material mats 22 and, if desired, protective layer 23 can also be arranged.
The shown device comprises a pontoon or pontoon assembly 50. Provided on a work deck of pontoon 50 is a manipulating tool in the form of a lever crane 62 with which a rolled-up material mat 22 received in a carrier frame 63 can be manipulated. A guide construction 64 for material mat 22 is mounted on a side edge of the pontoon. Guide construction 64 comprises a frame which is connected pivotally to a side edge of pontoon 50 and can be carried at an angle from the side edge onto bottom 17. A carrier frame 63 with material mat 22 picked up by lever crane 62 is then carried along guide construction 64 into the desired starting position and from this position the mat is unrolled from carrier frame 63 onto bottom 17.
The device shown in figure 4 further comprises a pouring device 8 which is arranged on pontoon 50 and with which bottom 17 can be provided with a mass or layer 21 of the water resistant composition. Using such a pouring device 8 material mats 22 unrolled onto the bottom can likewise be provided with layers 23 of pouring material in order to stabilize material mats 22.
Pouring device 8 comprises a throughfeed unit for the pouring material (21, 23) in the form of a chute 82 with a funnel-shaped inlet 83 along which the material for pouring (21, 23) is received and an outlet 84 along which the material (21, 23) is deposited onto bottom 17 and/or onto material mats 22. Outlet 84 here forms a flattened funnel. Chute 82 can be displaced at least transversely of the direction of movement of pontoon 50, for instance via a rail guide, whereby chute 82 can cover substantially the whole width of pontoon 50. Chute 82 can if desired take a (partly) flexible form between inlet 83 and outlet 84, for instance comprise a flexible tube. In such an embodiment it is possible to hold inlet 83 of chute 82 at a fixed position and move only outlet 84. Supplying of inlet funnel 83 of chute 82 with sufficient pouring material (21, 23) can take place by means of a loading crane (not shown). In order to obtain a flat poured layer with a precisely defined height level the chute 82 can comprise a telescopically slidable part, whereby a lower edge of outlet 84 of chute 82 can be held at the same height irrespective of the rolling of pontoon 5. A suitable measuring and control system here controls the movement of the telescopic part. It is also possible to provide the device with measuring means configured to determine and control the quantity of material present in chute 82 or the flow rate through chute 82.
The invention is not limited to the above described embodiments and modifications could be made thereto to the extent these ensue in self-evident manner from the appended claims.

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[1]
A water-resistant composition comprising a mixture of granular particles and bentonite particles, wherein the particle size distribution of the granular particles satisfies 1 <d 50 <6 mm and 5 <d 90 <15 mm, wherein the particle size distribution of the bentonite particles satisfies 0.0005 <d 50 <1.2 mm and 0.01 <dgo <2.0 mm, and wherein the weight percentage of bentonite particles in the composition is 0.1 - 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
[2]
The composition of claim 1, wherein the bentonite particles comprise a bentonite powder and a bentonite granulate.
[3]
The composition of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the bentonite powder to the bentonite granulate is from 0.8 to 1.2.
[4]
The composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a thickener.
[5]
The composition of claim 4, wherein the thickener comprises a polysaccharide.
[6]
The composition of claim 4 or 5, wherein the thickener comprises a colloidal additive
[7]
The composition of claim 2, wherein the amount of thickener is between 0.01 - 0.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
[8]
The composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising from 100 to 800 wt. % water relative to the dry weight of the bentonite particles.
[9]
A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of bentonite particles in the mixture is from 1 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
[10]
A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle size distribution of the granular particles satisfies 4 <d 50 <5 mm and 8 <d 90 <12 mm.
[11]
A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the particle size distribution of the granular particles satisfies d 10 / d 10 <10.
[12]
The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is substantially free of bentonite powder, and the particle size distribution of the bentonite particles satisfies 0.9 ≤ d 50 ≤ 1.1 mm and 1.5 ≤ d 90 ≤ 1.8 mm.
[13]
A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is substantially free of bentonite powder and the particle size distribution of the bentonite particles satisfies 0.1 ≤ dio ≤ 0.6 mm.
[14]
A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the granular particles comprise gravel and / or sand particles.
[15]
A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the granular particles comprise gravel and sand particles, and the weight ratio of the sand particles and the gravel particles is from 0.5 to 1.5.
[16]
The use of a composition according to any one of the preceding claims for the manufacture of a water-resistant layer on a water bottom.
[17]
A method for deepening or widening a water bottom comprising an existing water-resistant bottom layer, wherein water-bottom material is dug to a depth at which at least a part of the natural water-resistant bottom layer is removed, and a layer of a water-resistant composition according to one of claims 1-15 is applied to at least a part of the excavated soil.
[18]
A method according to claim 17, wherein a sheet pile wall is provided in a sheet body, and sheet material present on the water side of the sheet pile sheet is dug to a depth at which at least a part of the natural water-resistant soil layer is removed.
[19]
The method of claim 18, wherein the layer of the water-resistant composition is applied at least against the sheet pile wall.
[20]
A method according to any one of claims 16-19, wherein a protective material mat is applied to the layer of the water-resistant composition.

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

NL2017248B1|2018-01-16|

引用文献:

公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

NL6919186A|1968-12-31|1970-07-02|

US20070113756A1|2005-11-23|2007-05-24|Hull John H|Erosion resistant barrier with varying permeabilities|

EP2492399A2|2011-02-24|2012-08-29|Matthäi Bauunternehmen GmbH & Co. KG|Sustainable self-sealing pulverulent sealing material, for sealing of soil surfaces in situ under water, in particular of inclined surfaces, for example embankments of canals or similar|

法律状态:

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

NL2016977|2016-06-16|

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